
TA2541
Overview
TA2541 is a cybercriminal group that has been targeting the aviation, aerospace, transportation, manufacturing, and defense industries since at least 2017. TA2541 campaigns are typically high volume and involve the use of commodity remote access tools obfuscated by crypters and themes related to aviation, transportation, and travel.
Naming & attribution
It uses 28 documented ATT&CK techniques — more than 62% of the 174 groups tracked here. Activity attributed since at least 2017.
Closest groups by technique overlap
Computed from shared ATT&CK techniques. Overlap is not attribution — distinct actors converge on the same tradecraft — but a high share is a useful pivot.
- APT-C-36 — 18 shared techniques (38% overlap)
- LazyScripter — 13 shared techniques (37% overlap)
- Confucius — 11 shared techniques (31% overlap)
- Gamaredon Group Russia — 22 shared techniques (29% overlap)
- TA505 — 14 shared techniques (29% overlap)
- Sidewinder India — 13 shared techniques (29% overlap)
Malware families with tracked indicators
4 families attributed to TA2541, with 670 deduplicated indicators observed across abuse.ch ThreatFox, MalwareBazaar, URLhaus and SSLBL over the corpus's window (up to three years, as of 2026-10-30). MITRE documents what a group does; these are the indicators its malware families have surfaced in that window.
- AgentTesla662 indicators
- RevengeRAT3 indicators
- NetWire3 indicators
- jRAT2 indicators
Browse or copy the indicators by hash, domain, IP or URL, filtered by age from 1 day to 3 years.
Capabilities
- Custom malware/implant development — ATT&CK: 7 attributed custom malware families
TTPs — 28 techniques across 8 tactics
Resource Development
T1583.001DomainsT1583.006Web ServicesT1588.001MalwareT1588.002ToolT1608.001Upload Malware
Initial Access
T1566.001Spearphishing AttachmentT1566.002Spearphishing Link
Execution
T1047Windows Management InstrumentationT1053.005Scheduled TaskT1059.001PowerShellT1059.005Visual BasicT1204.001Malicious LinkT1204.002Malicious File
Persistence
T1547.001Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder
Stealth
T1027.002Software PackingT1027.013Encrypted/Encoded FileT1027.015CompressionT1036.005Match Legitimate Resource Name or LocationT1055Process InjectionT1055.012Process HollowingT1218.005Mshta
Defense Impairment
Discovery
T1016.001Internet Connection DiscoveryT1082System Information DiscoveryT1518.001Security Software Discovery
Command and Control
T1105Ingress Tool TransferT1568Dynamic ResolutionT1573.002Asymmetric Cryptography
Tools & malware (9)
Snip3 · Revenge RAT · jRAT · WarzoneRAT · Imminent Monitor · AsyncRAT · NETWIRE · Agent Tesla · njRAT
Reporting (2)
- Charting TA2541's Flight — Larson, S. and Wise, J
- Operation Layover: How we tracked an attack on the aviation industry to five years of compromise — Ventura, V